"Giant, grotesque figures such as Gayant, Cagenon, Saint Michael and his devil" were used in a festival procession commemorating a French attempt to recapture Douai from the Dutch. In 1480, the Giants of Douai tradition began, and it continues in the north of France and in Flanders. Giant puppets controlled by lines at a Dussehra festival, Jaipur, 2013 Japan has its own tradition: "huge traditional hinkoko marottes consist of a vertical manipulation rod, on the top of which is a grimacing head, and a horizontal rod that simulates the arms. : 100 This type of puppet performs a weaving dance in which up to ten puppeteers control it at speed, with rods. The Chinese giant dragon puppets of the New Year festivals are "perhaps the most recognized form of parade puppet". The head is that of a bearded mask and the arms, holding fly swatters, are animated using twine attached to their outer-most extremities. It is raised by sliding bamboo under the body – which is made up of fabric held together by circular rings of palm branches. The Pende people lift a mbambi puppet, from 6 to 10 metres (19.7 to 32.8 feet) high, deep into the bush, at the end of a masked dance. Its size can be up to 2.5 metres (8.2 feet) both in height and width. Stitched in woven fabric ornate with symbols, it is made of wood, raffia and herbs and contains the dried remains of the chief. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Zaire) the Bwende people take part in a funeral ceremony that consists of carrying, on a stretcher, an enormous puppet called niombo, an effigy to the dead chief. reach the height of 1.5 metres and are carved from wood and hollowed to resonate the breaths of those that carry them, their mouth placed over the puppet’s back". In the Beembe of Mouyondzi, Congo-Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, the " anthropomorphic musical instruments. Painted in vivid colours, they are accompanied by fireworks to ensure a most spectacular incineration". The puppets are made of a bamboo framework covered in layers of paper. "The principal demons of the epic Ramayana are represented: Ravana with his ten heads, the symbol of destruction and the forces of Evil, accompanied by his son Meghanada ( Indrajit) and brother Kumbhakarna. In Shimla, Himalayas and other areas of India, the Dussehra festivals of September and October celebrate "the triumph of Good over Evil", and 15-metre puppets are carried in procession and then burned. The origins of certain traditions which use giant puppets may be ancient. Giant puppets are suited to outdoor performance, especially street theatre and processions, because they are visible above the crowd while remaining on the same level. : 100 Of the most recent examples, Royal de Luxe of France has produced a notable set of giant string puppets. Of the traditional giant rod puppets, the Chinese dragon New Year puppet is "perhaps the most recognized form of the parade puppet". Giant puppets have been used worldwide for street entertainment, celebrations or other purposes from ancient times, and they continue in use and in development today. Some are manipulated by puppeteers using rods, strings, stilts, other mechanisms, or a combination of these. Giant puppets are usually articulated and made from a lightweight material. It is therefore most suitable for processions, street theatre and performance art, although some large theatrical animations can be used for the same purpose. Lightweight materials such as carbon fibre or bambooĪ giant puppet is a puppet which is tall enough to be easily visible to a street crowd while being manipulated by puppeteers, on the same level. Chinese dragon performing at New Year celebrations, Paris, 2011
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